Implementasi Smart City di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Gender
Authors
Yelly Elanda , Ruslan Wahyudi , Azizah AlieDOI:
10.29303/resiprokal.v4i2.209Published:
2022-12-27Issue:
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): DesemberKeywords:
Implementasi Smart City, Responsif Gender, Inklusi GenderArticles
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How to Cite
Elanda, Y., Wahyudi, R. ., & Alie, A. (2022). Implementasi Smart City di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Gender. RESIPROKAL: Jurnal Riset Sosiologi Progresif Aktual, 4(2), 140–162. https://doi.org/10.29303/resiprokal.v4i2.209
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Abstract
Konsep smart city di Indonesia diperkenalkan sejak tahun, 2005. Istilah ini kemudian semakin sering dibahas sejak Surabaya, Jakarta dan Bandung mendapatkan penghargaan terkait konsep smart city. Sejak pandemi Covid-19, penggunaan teknologi menjadi semakin masif dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, terutama pada masyarakat perkotaan. Hal ini tentu dapat mendorong implementasi smart city di berbagai kota di Indonesia. Smart city merupakan konsep yang diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi atas berbagai masalah perkotaan. Konsep ini dinilai dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup manusia, dan terciptanya sebuah kota yang inklusi. Namun ada hal yang acapkali terlupakan dalam mewujudkan kota yang inklusi, yakni hadirnya isu gender terkait implementasi smart city. Oleh karena itu, pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini ialah; apa definisi smart city dan bagaimana implementasinya di Indonesia? apakah implementasi smart city sudah responsif terhadap isu gender? dan apa yang harus dilakukan agar implementasi smart city menjadi inklusi gender? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review berdasarkan Prefered Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi smart city terus didorong dan diterapkan di berbagai kabupaten dan/atau kota di Indonesia sesuai dengan kebijakan pemerintah mengenai program menuju 100 smart city. Konsep smart city di Indonesia pada umumnya memiliki tujuh indikator, tapi setiap kota atau kabupaten menerapkan konsep smart city yang berbeda berdasarkan pada potensi, kekhasan, tantangan dari masing-masing daerah. Implementasi smart city di Indonesia masih belum mengakomodir perspektif gender untuk menciptakan kota yang inklusi. Dalam mewujudkan kota yang inklusi gender di Indonesia, maka perlu mengadopsi pengarusutamaan gender pada setiap kebijakan yang terkait dengan implementasi smart city.
References
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MacAya, J. F. M., Dhaou, S. ben, & Cunha, M. A. (2021). Gendering the Smart Cities: Addressing gender inequalities in urban spaces. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 398–405. https://doi.org/10.1145/3494193.3494308
Madakam, Somayya, and R Ramaswamy. 2013. “The State of Art: Smart Cities in India: A Literature Review Report.” IssueSpecial Issue) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 2 (12): 115–19. www.ijird.com.
Maftuhin, A. (2017). Mendefinisikan Kota Inklusif: Asal Usul, Teori dan Indikator. Tata Loka, 19(2), 93–103.
Malau, W. (2013). Dampak Urbanisasi terhadap Pemukiman Kumuh (Slum Area) di Daerah Perkotaan. Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 5(2), 39–47.
Moher, David, Alessandro Liberati, Jennifer Tetzlaff, and Douglas G Altman. 2009. “Academia and Clinic Annals of Internal Medicine Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses :” Annals of Internal Medicine 151 (4): 264–69.
Mursalim, Siti Widharetno. 2017. “Implementasi Kebijakan Smart City Di Kota Bandung.” Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi 14 (1): 126–39.
Nesti, Giorgia. 2019. “Mainstreaming Gender Equality in Smart Cities: Theoretical, Methodological and Empirical Challenges.” Information Polity 24 (3): 289–304. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-190134.
Paliwal, Manisha, and Anshu Singh. 2021. “Gender Centricity of Indian Smart Cities : What Matters Most ?” Urban India 41 (11): 1–18.
Pramesti, Dyah Ratna, Aulia Nur Kasiwi, and Eko Priyo Purnomo. 2020. “Perbandingan Implementasi Smart City Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus: Perbandingan Smart People Di Kota Surabaya Dan Kota Malang.” Ijd-Demos 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.37950/ijd.v2i2.61.
Pratama, Arif Budy. 2018. “Smart City Narrative in Indonesia: Comparing Policy Documents in Four Cities.” Public Administration Issues 2018 (6): 65–83. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2018-0-6-65-83.
Priscilla, Kezia. 2019. “6 Terobosan Surabaya Jadi Smart City.” Liputan 6.Com. 2019. https://surabaya.liputan6.com/read/4093424/6-terobosan-surabaya-jadi-smart-city.
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Sektiawan Wibisono, B., & Handoko, S. (2020). Program Jogja Smart City Dalam Meningkatkan Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Sosio-Kultural. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 4(1).
Shabitah, D. (2020, February 12). Urgensi Fasilitas Transportasi Umum Ramah Perempuan di Indonesia. Center For Security and Welfare Studies.
Supangkat, Suhono Harso, Arry Akhmad Arman, Ryan Adhitya Nugraha, and Yuti Ariani Fatimah. 2018. “The Implementation of Garuda Smart City Framework for Smart City Readiness Mapping in Indonesia.” Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies 32 (4): 169–76. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/159504667.pdf.
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Whitzman, C. (2013). Building Inclusive Cities: Women’s Safety and the Right to the City. Routledge.
Widiyastuti, ST., MT, Inasari, Daru Nupikso, Novian Anata Putra, and Vieka Aprilya Intanny. 2021. “Smart Sustainable City Framework: Usulan Model Kota Cerdas Yang Berkelanjutan Dan Integratif.” Jurnal PIKOM (Penelitian Komunikasi Dan Pembangunan) 22 (1): 13. https://doi.org/10.31346/jpikom.v22i1.3297.
Wong, Emily., & United Nations Centre for Human Settlements. (2010). Gender equality for smarter cities : challenges and progress. UN-HABITAT.
Zubizarreta, Iker, Alessandro Seravalli, and Saioa Arrizabalaga. 2015. “Smart City Concept: What It Is and What It Should Be.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development 140 (2): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000173.
Anggini, Trafika, and Rini Rachmawati. 2016. “Pemanfaatan Media Center Dalam Pelayanan Publik Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Surabaya Smart City.” Jurnal Bumi Indonesia 5 (1).
Asteria, Donna, Janice Jacob Kayan Jap, and Dyah Utari. 2020. “A Gender-Responsive Approach: Social Innovation for the Sustainable Smart City in Indonesia and Beyond.” Journal of International Women’s Studies 21 (6): 196–210.
Astutik, Endang Puji, and Gunartin. 2019. “Analisis Kota Jakarta Sebagai Smart City Dan Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Menuju Masyarakat Madani.” Inovasi 6 (2): 41–58. https://doi.org/10.32493/Inovasi.v6i2.p41-58.3678.
Ayuningtyas, K. (2022, January 31). Survei: Pelecehan Seksual Terus Terjadi di Ruang Publik. DW.Com.
Bansal, Taruna, Pritha Roychowdhury, Pankaj Rawat, Awadh Narayan Choubey, and Md Nurul Hoda. 2021. “Gender and Smart City: Canvassing (in)Security in Delhi.” GeoJournal 87 (3): 2307–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10369-z.
BBC News Indonesia. (2022, January 31). Empat dari Lima Perempuan Alami Pelecehan Seksual di Ruang Publik, Menurut Survei. BBC.Com.
Bharatiya Stree Shakti. (2017, January 6). Gender Inclusive Smart city. Bharatiya Stree Shakti.
Bhaskar, T. (2016). The Role of 3R in Achieving Smart Cities: The Case of India.
Calvi, Alessandra. 2022. “Gender, Data Protection & the Smart City: Exploring the Role of DPIA in Achieving Equality Goals.” European Journal of Spatial Development (EJSD) 19 (3): 24–47. https://doi.org/doi:10.5281/zenodo.6539249.
Chang, Ji in, Jeongsun Choi, Hyunjin An, and Hye Young Chung. 2022. “Gendering the Smart City: A Case Study of Sejong City, Korea.” Cities 120 (June 2021): 103422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103422.
Damayanti, F., & Rahma, D. P. (2018). Identifikasi Kawasan Slum Area di Kota Malang. Jurnal Rekayasa Tehnik Sipil Universitas Madura, 3(2), 13–20.
Damsar, and Indrayani. 2017. Pengantar Sosiologi Perkotaan. Cetakan I. Jakarta: Kencana.
Direktorat Jenderal Penataan Ruang KPU. 2015. “Kajian Pengembangan Smart City Di Indonesia.” Jakarta.
Finaka, W. A., & Agam, S. (2018). Jakarta Perintis 100 Smart city. Indonesia Baik.Id
Gill, Natalie. 2019. “Bringing Women’s Voices into the ‘Smart City Just City’ Dialogue.” Open Global Rights. 2019. https://www.openglobalrights.org
Gorosho, Olena, and Olena Zhigalina. 2010. “Political Blogging: At Crossroads of Gender and Cultural Online.” In Gendered Transformation: Theory and Practices on Gender and Media. USA: The University of Chicago Press.
Hamzah, Megi. 2021. “These Are The Top 20 Sustainable Smart Cities In The World.” Disruptive Technologies. 2021. https://www.disruptive-technologies.com/blog/the-top-20-sustainable-smart-cities-in-the-world.
Hendrarso, Emy Susanti. 2008. Ketimpangan Gender Dan Ketidakberdayaan Perempuan Miskin Perkotaan. Surabaya: Insan Cendekia.
Hilbert, Martin. 2011. “Digital Gender Divide or Technologically Empowered Women in Developing Countries ? (A Typical Case of Lies , Damned Lies , and Statistics).” Women’s Studies International Forum 34 (6): 479–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2011.07.001.
International Telecommunication Union. (2014). Measuring the Information Society Report. Geneva: Information and Technology Union.
Internationa Telecommunication Union. 2015. “Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities.” Internationa Telecommunication Union. 2015. https://www.itu.int
Kantor Perwakilan UNESCO Jakarta. (2017). Instrumen Penilaian Kota Inklusif Versi 2.
Kontu, F. (2017). Representasi Perempuan dalam Politik Lokal di Era Otonomi Daerah. Societas, 6(1), 34–46.
Kusumastuti, Ratih Dyah, N. Nurmala, Juliana Rouli, and Herdis Herdiansyah. 2022. “Analyzing the Factors That Influence the Seeking and Sharing of Information on the Smart City Digital Platform: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia.” Technology in Society 68: 101876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101876
Lynawati, and Hendro Gunawan. 2017. “Analisis Pengaruh Gender Dalam Penerimaan Teknologi ‘Smart City’ Dengan Model Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).” Semnashumtek.
MacAya, J. F. M., Dhaou, S. ben, & Cunha, M. A. (2021). Gendering the Smart Cities: Addressing gender inequalities in urban spaces. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 398–405. https://doi.org/10.1145/3494193.3494308
Madakam, Somayya, and R Ramaswamy. 2013. “The State of Art: Smart Cities in India: A Literature Review Report.” IssueSpecial Issue) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 2 (12): 115–19. www.ijird.com.
Maftuhin, A. (2017). Mendefinisikan Kota Inklusif: Asal Usul, Teori dan Indikator. Tata Loka, 19(2), 93–103.
Malau, W. (2013). Dampak Urbanisasi terhadap Pemukiman Kumuh (Slum Area) di Daerah Perkotaan. Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 5(2), 39–47.
Moher, David, Alessandro Liberati, Jennifer Tetzlaff, and Douglas G Altman. 2009. “Academia and Clinic Annals of Internal Medicine Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses :” Annals of Internal Medicine 151 (4): 264–69.
Mursalim, Siti Widharetno. 2017. “Implementasi Kebijakan Smart City Di Kota Bandung.” Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi 14 (1): 126–39.
Nesti, Giorgia. 2019. “Mainstreaming Gender Equality in Smart Cities: Theoretical, Methodological and Empirical Challenges.” Information Polity 24 (3): 289–304. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-190134.
Paliwal, Manisha, and Anshu Singh. 2021. “Gender Centricity of Indian Smart Cities : What Matters Most ?” Urban India 41 (11): 1–18.
Pramesti, Dyah Ratna, Aulia Nur Kasiwi, and Eko Priyo Purnomo. 2020. “Perbandingan Implementasi Smart City Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus: Perbandingan Smart People Di Kota Surabaya Dan Kota Malang.” Ijd-Demos 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.37950/ijd.v2i2.61.
Pratama, Arif Budy. 2018. “Smart City Narrative in Indonesia: Comparing Policy Documents in Four Cities.” Public Administration Issues 2018 (6): 65–83. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2018-0-6-65-83.
Priscilla, Kezia. 2019. “6 Terobosan Surabaya Jadi Smart City.” Liputan 6.Com. 2019. https://surabaya.liputan6.com/read/4093424/6-terobosan-surabaya-jadi-smart-city.
Purnamasari, M. D. (2019, May 20). Kementrian PPPA: Tingkat Akses Internet Perempuan Indonesia Lebih Rendah dari Laki-Laki. Kompas.Com.
Rizkinaswara, Lesti. 2020. “Literasi Digital Kurangi Kesenjangan Akses Digital Perempuan.” Kementerian Komunikasi Dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. 2020. https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2020/07/literasi-digital-kurangi-kesenjangan-akses-digital-perempuan/.
Sangiuliano, Maria. 2017. “Smart Cities and Gender : Main Arguments and Dimensions for a Promising Research and Policy Development Area,” no. 612493.
Sektiawan Wibisono, B., & Handoko, S. (2020). Program Jogja Smart City Dalam Meningkatkan Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Sosio-Kultural. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 4(1).
Shabitah, D. (2020, February 12). Urgensi Fasilitas Transportasi Umum Ramah Perempuan di Indonesia. Center For Security and Welfare Studies.
Supangkat, Suhono Harso, Arry Akhmad Arman, Ryan Adhitya Nugraha, and Yuti Ariani Fatimah. 2018. “The Implementation of Garuda Smart City Framework for Smart City Readiness Mapping in Indonesia.” Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies 32 (4): 169–76. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/159504667.pdf.
UPI, Sospol Manajemen. 2018. “Makin Nyaman Dan Aman Dengan Transportasi Khusus Perempuan.” Kompasiana. 2018. https://www.kompasiana.com
Tim PSPPR UGM. (2016). Road Map Kota Yogyakarta Menuju Smart city.
UN Women Training Centre eLearning Campus. (2011). Gender Equality Glossary. UN Women.
United Nations Development Programme. (2011). Human Development Report – Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All. UNDP.
Utomo, Chandra Eko Wahyudi, and Mochamad Hariadi. 2016. “Strategi Pembangunan Smart City Dan Tantangannya Bagi Masyarakat Kota.” Jurnal Strategi Dan Bisnis 4 (2): 159–76.
Wahyuningtyas, Neni, and Khofifatu Rohmah Adi. 2016. “Digital Divide Perempuan Indonesia.” Sejarah Dan Budaya : Jurnal Sejarah, Budaya, Dan Pengajarannya 10 (1): 80–88. https://doi.org/10.17977/um020v10i12016p080.
Whitzman, C. (2013). Building Inclusive Cities: Women’s Safety and the Right to the City. Routledge.
Widiyastuti, ST., MT, Inasari, Daru Nupikso, Novian Anata Putra, and Vieka Aprilya Intanny. 2021. “Smart Sustainable City Framework: Usulan Model Kota Cerdas Yang Berkelanjutan Dan Integratif.” Jurnal PIKOM (Penelitian Komunikasi Dan Pembangunan) 22 (1): 13. https://doi.org/10.31346/jpikom.v22i1.3297.
Wong, Emily., & United Nations Centre for Human Settlements. (2010). Gender equality for smarter cities : challenges and progress. UN-HABITAT.
Zubizarreta, Iker, Alessandro Seravalli, and Saioa Arrizabalaga. 2015. “Smart City Concept: What It Is and What It Should Be.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development 140 (2): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000173.
