Correction & Retraction

RESIPROKAL: Jurnal Riset Sosiologi Progresif Aktual is committed to preserving the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. When errors or ethical concerns are identified in a published article, the journal will assess the issue and take appropriate action.

Corrections

A correction may be issued when an error in a published article requires clarification or amendment but does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions. Examples include significant factual errors, incorrect author information, or mistakes in tables, figures, or other published content.

Corrections will be published or linked to the original article, clearly describing the nature of the error and the changes made. The original article will remain accessible, with an appropriate notice where necessary.

Retractions

A retraction may be considered when the reliability or integrity of a published article is seriously compromised. Grounds for retraction may include:

• Clear evidence that the findings are unreliable because of fabrication, falsification, or a major methodological error.

• Plagiarism or substantial unattributed duplication of previously published work.

• Redundant publication that significantly overlaps with another publication without adequate justification or disclosure.

• Serious violations of research ethics, including significant problems involving consent or ethical approval where required.

• Other circumstances in which the published article cannot be relied upon as part of the scholarly record.

Retraction decisions will be made by the editor in accordance with the seriousness of the concern and the available evidence. Authors will normally be contacted and given an opportunity to respond. However, the journal may proceed when necessary to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.

A retraction notice will explain the reason for the retraction as clearly as possible. The original article will generally remain accessible, clearly marked as retracted, to preserve the publication record and maintain transparency.

Expressions of Concern

When serious concerns have arisen but the available evidence is insufficient for an immediate decision, the journal may issue an expression of concern while further investigation is undertaken.

All corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern will be handled independently and transparently, with due consideration for the rights of authors, readers, and other parties.